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Pure Potable Water

TEMAK SA offers solutions ensuring the supply of pure potable water, protecting the health of its customers. Pure potable water (salts within the limits of current legislation, odorless, good taste, clarity) in addition to being safe has the desired organoleptic characteristics. In addition, pure potable water protects the plumbing in any application.  
Iron

Iron

Iron gives water a characteristic taste and smell. Clothes that are washed with water that contains high concentrations of iron create stains. In washing, too, the bleach does not bring results while turbidity and deposits are formed Mainly from the dissolution of minerals, iron compound from industrial waste or from the migration of ferrous materials for storage and transport of wtar (tanks, pipelines etc).

The iron content of the land is 6.22%, in the soil 0.5% – 4.3%, in rivers 0.7ppm and groundwater 0.1 – 10 ppm. The max limit in potable water is 0.2 ppm.

For iron removal, Complete Solution is given through the products and ecological treatment methods of TEMAK SA such as oxidation by air or by the addition of oxidizing agent (eg sodium hypochlorite). This is followed by filtration to remove insoluble Fe(OH)3 with Filters for Iron Removal – Manganese Removal – Arsenic Removal.

 

Manganese

Manganese gives water a characteristic taste and smell. Forms blurs and deposits. It affects the growth of microorganisms in tanks and water networks. It is transported in the blood plasma in the form of transmaganine. It is toxic and irritates the respiratory system and causes the dissolution of manganese – containing minerals. The max limit in potable water is 0.05 ppm.

For manganese removal, Complete Solution is given through the products and ecological treatment methods of TEMAK SA and in particularly through biocatalytic oxidation with the addition of air, ie the growth of microorganisms that oxidize manganese on special absorbents and the removal of manganese oxides that will be formed through the backwash of Filters for Iron Removal – Manganese Removal – Arsenic Removal.

In addition at low parametric values and for normal pH (for normal pH 7-8, we do not have manganese deposits on the membranes), manganese can be removed by the reverse osmosis method.

 

Periodic Table
Periodic Table

Manganese

Manganese gives water a characteristic taste and smell. Forms blurs and deposits. It affects the growth of microorganisms in tanks and water networks. It is transported in the blood plasma in the form of transmaganine. It is toxic and irritates the respiratory system and causes the dissolution of manganese – containing minerals. The max limit in potable water is 0.05 ppm.

For manganese removal, Complete Solution is given through the products and ecological treatment methods of TEMAK SA and in particularly through biocatalytic oxidation with the addition of air, ie the growth of microorganisms that oxidize manganese on special absorbents and the removal of manganese oxides that will be formed through the backwash of Filters for Iron Removal – Manganese Removal – Arsenic Removal.

In addition at low parametric values and for normal pH (for normal pH 7-8, we do not have manganese deposits on the membranes), manganese can be removed by the reverse osmosis method.

 

Periodic Table

Ammonium

Ammonia occurs more frequently in groundwater as a result of reducing bacterial activity or contamination by urban wastewater or agricultural activity (ammonia or urea based fertilizers).

The presence of ammonia in the water creates problems in the use of chlorine as a disinfectant because chloramines are produced that reduce the disinfectant action and create an unpleasant odor.

The max limit in potable water is 0.5 ppm.

Ammonia can be removed from the water by the method of reverse osmosis or by nitrification, ie biological oxidation by the addition of air, from microorganisms to nitrites and then to nitrates on a suitable filtration material or finally using selective resins. Depending on the application and the concentration of ammonia, TEMAK SA can provide the most techno-economic solution.

 

Arsenic

Elevated concentrations of arsenic cause damage to the skin, the hematopoietic system, circulatory problems and the possibility of cancer. Arsenic is found in waste from semiconductor manufacturing industries, refineries, wood preservative additives, animal feed additives, herbicides, erosion of natural deposits (volcanic rocks), fertilizers, plant rot etc.

The max limit in potable water is 0.01 ppm.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA by chemical oxidation or reduction (depending on its form) with Filters for Iron Removal – Manganese Removal – Arsenic Removal or through reverse osmosis system.

 

Periodic Table
Periodic Table

Arsenic

Elevated concentrations of arsenic cause damage to the skin, the hematopoietic system, circulatory problems and the possibility of cancer. Arsenic is found in waste from semiconductor manufacturing industries, refineries, wood preservative additives, animal feed additives, herbicides, erosion of natural deposits (volcanic rocks), fertilizers, plant rot etc.

The max limit in potable water is 0.01 ppm.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA by chemical oxidation or reduction (depending on its form) with Filters for Iron Removal – Manganese Removal – Arsenic Removal or through reverse osmosis system.

 

Periodic Table

Chromium

Many people who make long term use of water with concentrations of chromium above the limit develop allergic dermatitis. Hexavalent chromium has been shown to be carcinogenic. Waste from steel mills, paper mills and corrosion of natural formations (rocks) are the main causes of chromium.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA either with reverse osmosis system or with ion exchange systems.

 

Sodium

Sodium deficiency in water causes a drop in blood pressure and tachycardia. On the contrary, overeating causes hypertension, edema and heart problems. High concentrations cause appetite disturbances, affect thirst and water acts as diuretic.

The ratio of sodium to total cations is an important parameter for agriculture. Big ratio can damage the permeability of the soil.

The presence of sodium comes from rocks, shallow drilling depths, seawater and fertilizer pollution.

The average soil content is 2.5%, in rocks 0.02- 0.62%, in surface water 6.3 ppm and in groundwater usually >5 ppm.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA either with reverse osmosis system or with ion exchange systems.

 

Periodic Table
Periodic Table

Sodium

Sodium deficiency in water causes a drop in blood pressure and tachycardia. On the contrary, overeating causes hypertension, edema and heart problems. High concentrations cause appetite disturbances, affect thirst and water acts as diuretic.

The ratio of sodium to total cations is an important parameter for agriculture. Big ratio can damage the permeability of the soil.

The presence of sodium comes from rocks, shallow drilling depths, seawater and fertilizer pollution.

The average soil content is 2.5%, in rocks 0.02- 0.62%, in surface water 6.3 ppm and in groundwater usually >5 ppm.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA either with reverse osmosis system or with ion exchange systems.

 

Periodic Table

Sulfates

Sulfates give the water a characteristic unpleasant odor and taste. Those who drink water with high concentrations of sulfates cause gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea), calcium deficiency and irritation of the respiratory system.

Through the dissolution of volcanic rocks mainly in groundwater with high temperature, fertilizers or industrial waste, sulfates make their presence.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA either with reverse osmosis system or with ion exchange systems.

 

Chlorides

Chlorides are one of the main components (anions) of water, giving it the well-known salty taste, depending on the concentration of other salts and especially sodium. In some waters if the cations are dominated by sodium the salty taste may be distinguished by a chloride concentration of 250 ppm, which is the limit of chlorides to potable water.

In addition, high concentrations of chlorides can corrode steel or stainless steel pipes, depending on the water temperature.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Periodic Table
Periodic Table

Chlorides

Chlorides are one of the main components (anions) of water, giving it the well-known salty taste, depending on the concentration of other salts and especially sodium. In some waters if the cations are dominated by sodium the salty taste may be distinguished by a chloride concentration of 250 ppm, which is the limit of chlorides to potable water.

In addition, high concentrations of chlorides can corrode steel or stainless steel pipes, depending on the water temperature.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Periodic Table

Nitrates

They are usually found in groundwater and are associated with agricultural activity (fertilizers). They are a product of oxidation of nitrogen and their presence on potable water is associated with certain diseases of the blood and the ability to bind oxygen from it. The max limit in potable water is 50 ppm.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA through reverse osmosis and filters for nitrate removal, ie ion exchange systems with strongly anionic resin.

 

Nitrites

Nitrites are rare in natural waters and are usually associated with the presence of human activity (sewage, septic tanks etc). Occur when drilling is not in operation for a long time. Generally their presence in the water is undesirable indicating infection. In industrial waters they rarely exist.

They are the cause of stomach cancer from the nitrosamines formed. Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA with oxidation either with chlorine or ozone to nitrates.

 

Periodic Table
Periodic Table

Nitrites

Nitrites are rare in natural waters and are usually associated with the presence of human activity (sewage, septic tanks etc). Occur when drilling is not in operation for a long time. Generally their presence in the water is undesirable indicating infection. In industrial waters they rarely exist.

They are the cause of stomach cancer from the nitrosamines formed. Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA with oxidation either with chlorine or ozone to nitrates.

 

Salinity

Salinity

The salty taste of water is due to the concentration of sodium ions and chlorides in the water.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Bacteria

Levels of pathogenic bacteria such as E.Coli, enterococci in potable water, which can cause disease, should be zero (0 cfu/100ml)

Complete Solution is given through the water disinfection products of TEMAK SA. Oxidizing agents can be used to disinfect water, with chlorine being the best common (commercial liquid sodium hypochlorite 12-13%) and ozone being used. In addition, water is disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which does not consist of adding a chemical but exposing the water to relatively high energy radiation. This method avoids the use of chemicals but offers no residual activity.

TEMAK SA has a number of solutions such as chlorine dosing systems, complete automatic chlorination systems with water recirculation and a free chlorine control instrument etc. In addition, water ozonation systems are available as well as UV systems.

 

Bacteria
Bacteria

Bacteria

Levels of pathogenic bacteria such as E.Coli, enterococci in potable water, which can cause disease, should be zero (0 cfu/100ml)

Complete Solution is given through the water disinfection products of TEMAK SA. Oxidizing agents can be used to disinfect water, with chlorine being the best common (commercial liquid sodium hypochlorite 12-13%) and ozone being used. In addition, water is disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which does not consist of adding a chemical but exposing the water to relatively high energy radiation. This method avoids the use of chemicals but offers no residual activity.

TEMAK SA has a number of solutions such as chlorine dosing systems, complete automatic chlorination systems with water recirculation and a free chlorine control instrument etc. In addition, water ozonation systems are available as well as UV systems.

 

Color/Odor

Color / Odors

Unclear color and unpleasant odor are unacceptable and are a sign of pollution.

The color is due to colloidal or soluble substances of plant origin or to artificial pigments. In groundwater the color is mainly due to iron or manganese minerals. Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA applying filtration, ozonation, active carbon filters or chlorination.

Any odor indicates the possibility of contamination of potable water. It is due to the decomposition of plant or organic substances or on the presence of foul-smelling gases of the environment (eg hydrogen sulfide).

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA by enriching the water with oxygen, ozonation or passing through active carbon filter to remove hydrogen sulfide, using the method with reverse osmosis or by combining water treatment systems.

 

Pesticides

Many pesticides are carcinogenic and their residues in the subsoil contaminate the aquifer. The max parametric value of all pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides etc) in potable water is very low 0.10ppb (0.10 μg/lt). In addition max limits have been set for certain pesticides such as aldrin, dieldrin etc.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Pesticides
Pesticides

Pesticides

Many pesticides are carcinogenic and their residues in the subsoil contaminate the aquifer. The max parametric value of all pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides etc) in potable water is very low 0.10ppb (0.10 μg/lt). In addition max limits have been set for certain pesticides such as aldrin, dieldrin etc.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Periodic Table

Total Organic Carbon

Total organic carbon is a measure of the total charge of water in organic compounds. Many times the organic compounds give off an unpleasant odor to the water.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA by passing water through an active carbon filter that absorbs these compounds, as well as by clarification by flocculation and filtration. They can also be oxidized using ozone or using special UV systems to remove organic compounds.

 

Bromides

Bromides have a very strict limit on potable water of 0.01ppm or 10 ppb (μg/lt) because they have been shown to be carcinogenic. They can be formed by chlorination of water containing bromides.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Bromides
Bromides

Bromides

Bromides have a very strict limit on potable water of 0.01ppm or 10 ppb (μg/lt) because they have been shown to be carcinogenic. They can be formed by chlorination of water containing bromides.

Complete Solution is given through the products of TEMAK SA and particularly through its systems with the method of reverse osmosis.

 

Hardness

Hardness

The hardness is due to all divalent cations, but in practically at natural waters the total hardness is the sum of the concentration of calcium and magnesium cations, expressed in ppm CaCO3.

The hardness of the water is noticeable by observing the reduction of the foam from the soap mainly due to the presence of calcium and magnesium.

Water hardness occurs when water passes through limestone or magnesium rocks and has a high content of the corresponding calcium or magnesium ions.

Complete Solution for hardness removal is given through TEMAK’s SA products applying Softening or Reverse Osmosis.